INGREDIENT
BENEFIT
CLINICAL STUDIES
Collegan
Skin
Dewi et al. Cureus, 2023 (Meta-Analysis)
Miranda et al. Int J Dermatol, 2021 (Meta-Analysis)
Wang. Polymers (Basel), 2021 (Review)
Asserin et al. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2015
Sibilla et al. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 2015
Muscle mass and strength
Oertzen-Hagemann et al. Nutrients, 2019
Zdzieblik et al. Br J Nutr, 2015
Cintineo et al. Front Nutr, 2018 (Review)
Joints
Campos et al, Heliyon, 2023
García-Coronado et al. Int Orthop, 2018 (Meta-Analysis)
Porfírio et al, Scielo, 2016 (Review)
Clark et al, Curr Med Res Opin, 2008
Bello et al. Curr Med Res Opin, 2006 (Review)
Bones
König et al. Nutrients, 2018
Daneault et al. Food Science and Nutrition, 2017
Wang. Polymers (Basel), 2021 (Review)
Hair
Pappelbaum et al. J of Functional Foods, 2024
Milani et al. Skin Res Technol, 2023
Hwang et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2022
Hornfeldt. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2018
Heart health
Jalili et al. Br J Nutr, 2022 (Meta-Analysis)
Gut health
Abrahams et al, JMIR Form Res, 2022
Beaumont, Adv Exp Med Biol, 2020
Vitamin C
Collegan formation
Boyera et al. Int J Cosmet Sci, 1998
Pullar et al. Nutrients, 2017 (Review)
Moores. Br J Community Nurs, 2013
DePhillipo et al. Orthop J Sports Med, 2018 (Review)
Joseph et al. Arthritis Care Res, 2021
Pussinen et al. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2003
Energy
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Huck et al. Nutrition, 2013
Huskisson et al. J Int Med Res, 2007 (Review)
Paschalis et al. Eur J Nutr, 2016
Reduced tiredness & Fatigue
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Suh et al. Nutr J, 2012
Huck et al. Nutrition, 2013
McCall et al. Nutrients, 2019
Carr et al. Frontiers in Oncology, 2014 (Review)
Iron Absorption
Lynch et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1980 (Review)
Hallberg et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000
Cognitive function
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Travica et al. Nutrients, 2017 (Review)
Wengreen et al. J Nutr Health Aging, 2007
Zandi et al. Arch Neurol, 2004
Paleologos et al. Am J Epidemiol, 1998
Nervous system
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Ballaz et al. Pharmacological research, 2019 (Review)
Harrison et al. Free Radic Biol Med, 2009 (Review)
Sexual function
Panah et al. Front Reprod Health, 2023
Meldrum et al. Fertility & Sterility, 2010
Heart health
Gale et al. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1995
Knekt et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004 (Review)
Juraschek et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2012 (Meta-Analysis)
Antioxidant properties
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Ballaz et al. Pharmacological research, 2019 (Review)
Chambial et al. Indian J Clin Biochem, 2013 (Review)
Sies et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1992 (Review)
Immune system
Carr et al. Nutrients, 2017 (Review)
Hemilä et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013 (Meta-Analysis)
Chambial et al. Indian J Clin Biochem, 2013 (Review)
Vitamin D
Muscle function
Laird et al. Nutrients, 2010 (Review)
Sorensen et al. Clin Sci (Lond), 1979
Bischoff-Ferrari et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004
Glerup et al. Calcif Tissue Int, 2000
Bones
Lips. Endocr Rev, 2001 (Review)
Trivedi et al. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2003
Bischoff-Ferrari et al. JAMA, 2005 (Meta-Analysis)
Adams et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1999
Laird et al. Nutrients, 2010 (Review)
Teeth & gums
Botelho et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Hair
Lee et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018 (Meta-Analysis)
Gade et al. Clin Exp Med, 2018
Mahamid et al. Isr Med Assoc J, 2014
Brain function
Shea et al. Alzheimers Dement, 2022
Cui et al. Nutrients, 2022 (Review)
Lewis et al. J Clin Transl Res, 2021 (Review)
Eyles et al. JBMR Plus, 2021 (Review)
Anjum et al. Cureus, 2018 (Review)
Munger et al. JAMA, 2006
Energy
Sinha et al. Endocrine Abstracts, 2013
Nowak et al. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016
Sexual function
Crafa et al. Biomolecules, 2023 (Review)
Ciccone et al. Asian J Androl, 2021
Mood
Akpinar et al. Curr Nutr Rep, 2022 (Review)
Cheng et al. Depress Anxiety, 2022 (Meta-Analysis)
D’Souza et al. Pain Med, 2020
Heart health
Mirhosseini et al. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2018 (Meta-Analysis)
Wang et al. Aging Dis, 2017 (Review)
Judd et al. Circulation, 2008 (Review)
Lin et al. Curr Protein Pept Sci, 2019 (Review)
Blood sugar control
Wang et al. Aging Dis, 2017 (Review)
Pittas et al. Diabetes Care, 2006 - Diabetes
Anti-cancer Properties
Wang et al. Aging Dis, 2017 (Review)
Factsheet. National Cancer Institute (Review)
Immune system
Lang et al. Clinical Therapeutics, 2017 (Review)
Martineau et al. Health Technol Assess, 2019 (Meta-Analysis)
Taha et al. Int J Gen Med, 2021 (Review)
Varikasuvu et al. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2022 (Meta-Analysis)
Wang et al. Aging Dis, 2017 (Review)
Urashima et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2010
Vitamin B12
Skin & hair
DiBaise et al. Nutrition in clinical practice, 2019 (Review)
Brescoll et al. Am J Clin Dermatol, 2015 (Review)
Vision
Huang et al. Sci Rep, 2015 (Meta Analysis)
NHS, Vitamin B12 deficiency
Ata et al. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2020 (Review)
Heart health
Pawlak. AJPM, 2015 (Review)
Ganguly et al. Nutr J, 2015 (Review)
Keene et al. Front Public Health, 2014
Energy
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Stabler. NEJM, 2013
Ankar et al. NLM, 2022
Huskisson et al. J Int Med Res, 2007 (Review)
Reduced tiredness & fatigue
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
NHS, Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia
Bone strength
Tucker et al. J Bone Miner Res, 2005
Stone et al. JCEM, 2004
Cognitive function
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Qin et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017
Kim et al. Nutrition Journal, 2017
Qin et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017
Kobe et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016
Kennedy et al. Nutrients, 2016 (Review)
Jatoi et al. Cureus, 2020
Oulhaj et al. J Alzheimers Dis, 2016
Hunt et al. British Medical Journal, 2014 (Review)
O’Leary et al. Br J Nutr, 2012 (Review)
Hooshmand et al. Neurology, 2010
O’Leary et al. Nutrients, 2010 (Review)
Mood
Sangle et al. Cereus, 2020 (Review)
Mikkelsen et al. Maturitas, 2017 (Review)
Rubio-López et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016
Petridou et al. Aging & Mental Health, 2015 (Meta-Analysis)
Syed et al. Open Neurol J, 2013
Davison et al. Can J Psychiatry, 2012
Tiemeier et al. Am J Psychiatry, 2002
Sexual function
Cui et al. Am J Mens Health, 2018
Banihani. Biomolecules, 2017 (Meta-Analysis)
Sansone et al. Int J Endocrinol, 2018 (Meta-Analysis)
Lu et al. Transl Androl Urol, 2014
Immune system
Mikkelsen et al. Nutrition & Immunity, 2019 (Review)
Batista et al. Nutr Review, 2021 (Review)
Mikkelsen et al. Maturitas, 2017 (Review)
Todorava et al. Immunotherapy, 2016 (Review)
BIOTIN (B7)
Skin
Piraccini et al. G Ital Dermatol Venereol, 2019 (Review)
Ogawa et al. Nutrients, 2019
Mock et al. J Pediatr, 1985
Fujimoto et al. J Dermatol, 2005
Hair
Piraccini et al. G Ital Dermatol Venereol, 2019 (Review)
Patel et al. Skin Appendage Disorders, 2017
Trüeb et al. Int J Trichology, 2016
Energy
Hanna et al. Permanente Journal, 2022 (Review)
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Huskisson et al. J Int Med Res, 2007 (Review)
Psychological function
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Rubio-López et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016
Said et al. Subcell Biochem, 2012 (Review)
Nervous system
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Sedel et al. Neuropharmacology, 2016 (Review)
Créange et al. BMC Neurology, 2023
Espiritu et al. Mult Scler & Relat Disord, 2021 (Meta-Analysis)
Tourbah et al. Mult Scler, 2016
Blood sugar control
Zhang et al. Front Nutr, 2022 (Meta-Analysis)
McCarty. Medical Hypotheses, 2016
Vitamin B6
Heart health
Jeon et al. Nutrients, 2019 (Review)
Lin et al. Nutrition, 2006
Vermeulen et al. Lancet, 2000
Energy
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Brown et al. NLM, 2023
Hisano et al. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2010
Huskisson et al. J Int Med Res, 2007 (Review)
Reduced tiredness & fatigue
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Hisano et al. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2010
Reinken et al. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1975
Cognitive function
Douaud et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2013
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Kim et al. Nutrition Journal, 2017
Qin et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017
Kennedy et al. Nutrients, 2016 (Review)
Mood
Field et al. Hum Psychopharmacol, 2022
Davison et al. Can J Psychiatry, 2012
Hvas et al. Psychother Psychosom, 2004
Merete et al. J Am Coll Nutr, 2008
Sexual function
Bender. PNS, 1994 (Scientific Journal)
Sansone et al. Int J Endocrinol, 2018 (Meta-Analysis)
Vision
Axer-Siegel et al. Am J Ophthalmol, 2004
Christen et al. Arch Intern Med, 2023
Sofi et al. Atherosclerosis, 2008
Anti-cancer properties
Mikkelsen et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2019
Mocellin et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2017 (Meta-Analysis)
Larsson et al. JAMA, 2010 (Meta-Analysis)
Immune system
Stach et al. Nutrients, 2021 (Review)
Kumrungsee et al. Front Nutr, 2020 (Review)
Qian et al. J Immunol Res, 2017
Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
Skin
Yang et al. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb), 2014
Gheita et al. Phytother Research, 2020
Hair
Shin et al. Curr Issues Mol Biol, 2021
Thomas et al. BJD, 2011
Heart health
Rumberger et al. Nutr Res, 2011
Evans et al. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 2014
Energy
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Huskisson et al. J Int Med Res, 2007 (Review)
Hodges et al. J Clin Invest, 1958
Reduced tiredness & fatigue
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Hodges et al. J Clin Invest, 1958
Mental performance
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Xu et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020
Kennedy et al. Nutrients, 2016 (Review)
Rubio-López et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016
Davison et al. Can J Psychiatry, 2012
Stress relief
Ralli et al. Science Direct, 1953
Zorzi et al. Science Direct, 2013
Kelly. Altern Med Rev, 1999
Jaroenporn et al. Biol Pharm Bull, 2008
NIACIN (B3)
Skin
Vlase et al. Antioxidants, 2021
Snaidr et al. Exp Dermatol, 2019 (Review)
Chen et al. N Engl J Med, 2015
Energy
Hanna et al. Permanente Journal, 2022 (Review)
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Huskisson et al. J Int Med Res, 2007 (Review)
Reduced tiredness & fatigue
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Psychological function
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Qin et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017
Kennedy et al. Nutrients, 2016 (Review)
Xu et al. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015 (Review)
Davison et al. Can J Psychiatry, 2012
Wang et al. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry, 2012
Morris et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2004
Nervous system
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Gasperi et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2019 (Review)
Kennedy et al. Nutrients, 2016 (Review)
Brain function
Moutinho et al. Science Translation Medicine, 2022
Moutinho et al. J Alzheimer’s Association, 2020
Migraine prevention
Liu et al. Nutrients, 2022
Blood pressure
Zhang et al. JAMA Netw Open, 2021
McNamara et al. Trials, 2015
RIBOFLAVIN (B2)
Skin
Nosewicz et al. J Amer Acad Dermatology, 2022
Thakur et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2017 (Review)
Cardoso et al. Food & Function, 2012 (Review)
Zablotska et al. Environ Health Perspectives, 2008
Vision
Fernandes-Cunha et al. ACS applied bio materials, 2023
Suwannasom et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2020 (Review)
Weikel et al. Nutrition Reviews, 2014 (Review)
Powers. Am J Clin Nutr, 2003 (Review)
Wollensak et al. American J Ophthalmology, 2003
Prchal et al. Lancet, 1978
Energy
Lee at al. Nutrition Research, 2023 (Review)
Hanna et al. Permanente Journal, 2022 (Review)
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Hoffman et al. Sports Medicine Open, 2017
Kennedy et al. Nutrients, 2016 (Review)
Powers et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2011
Huskisson et al. J Int Med Res, 2007 (Review)
McNulty et al. Circulation, 2006
Soares et al. Br J Nutr, 1993
Reduced tiredness & fatigue
Tardy et al. Nutrients, 2020 (Review)
Aljaadi et al. Journal of nutrition, 2019
Shi et al. PLoS One, 2014
Hoffman et al. Sports Medicine Open, 2017
Metabolism of iron
Shi et al. PLoS One, 2014
Powers et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2011
Powers. Am J Clin Nutr, 2003 (Review)
Red blood cells
Suwannasom et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2020 (Review)
Powers et al. Am J Clin Nutr, 2011
Nervous system
Kennedy et al. Nutrients, 2016 (Review)
Kim et al. Nutrition Journal, 2017
Cognitive function
Zhang et al. Advanced Science, 2023
Mikkelsen et al. Subcellular biochemistry, 2018 (Review)
Migraine prevention
Chen et al. Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021 (Meta-Analysis)
Thompson et al. J Clinical Pharm Therap, 2017 (Review)
Condò et al. Journal of Headache and Pain, 2009
Boehnke et al. Euro J Neurology, 2004
Schoenen et al. Neurology, 1998
Venkataswamy. British J Ophthalmology, 1967
